An analysis of the influence of seminal thinkers and events on public policy and administration concepts and processes
Aristotle
Aristotle was a Greek philosopher born around 384 B.C. in Stagira, which is a small town on the northern Greece. His two parents were affiliates of conventional medical families, also his father, Nicomachus, worked as court doctor to King Amyntus III of Macedonia. Aristotle parents died while he was young, and he grew up at his family’s home in Stagira. He was sent to Plato’s Academy in Athens at the age of 17 (History.com, 2009). Aristotle spent twenty years both as a student and a teacher at Plato Academy. He went back to Athens in 335 B.C, as a stranger since he had no possessions consequently, he hired space in the Lyceum, a previous wrestling school, and opened a school that attracted students from all over Greek. The school created a curriculum focused on Aristotle’s teaching. Further, Aristotle compiled around 200 works, and only 31 continue to exist. His surviving works are clustered into four categories. They include; Organon, theoretical works, Nicomachean Ethics, and Rhetoric and Poetics works. The widespread power and influence of Aristotle vanished during the Renaissance and Reformation, since, scientific and religious reformers queried how the Catholic Church had considered and reasoned his teachings. For instance, anatomists such as William Harvey disabled a lot of his biological theories, and also scientists like Copernicus and Galileo and Copernicus refuted and negated his geocentric model of the solar system. However, Aristotle’s work is still a vital and imperative start for any discussion in the ground of political philosophy, aesthetics, and ethics.
Edmund Burke
Edmund Burke was born around in 1729, Dublin, he was in the British government, a political philosopher, and parliamentary orator. Burke was well-known by the public and has contributed significantly in the history of political theory. Further, he supported conservatism, and opposed Jacobinism. Burke was the Rockingham’s secretary until the concluding days of his death in 1782. He also worked to join and unite the group of Whigs, which had created around Rockingham; this group became the reason behind Burke’s parliamentary career. Additionally, Burke’s writings on France were a vital insight to German and French revolutionary perception. His power and influence in England has been more disperse, impartial, and durable. Consequently, Burke is the novel advocate of long-lived legitimate conferences, the idea of a political party, and the duty of the Member of Parliament as free representative. Further, these principles remain the most influential statement of certain faltering political and social principles that are widely held in England (Parkin, n.d). These principles are a discovery of the concept of the natural law. Finally, Burke considers and regards the spiritual and emotional life of man as an agreement within the larger array of the world. He argues that the natural urges, contains within itself a willpower and self-criticism, and also the spiritual and moral life is constant.
Thomas Hobbes
Thomas Hobbes was born in Westport, England, in 1588, and he was recognized for his outlooks on how individuals can succeed and prosper in accord while shunning the dangers and dread of societal argument (Biography.com Editors, n.d). Hobbes is the origin father of current political philosophy; he has established the requisites of arguments about the essentials of political life right into our own times. Most people have agreed with his theory that the problems of political life indicate that a society should agree to an inexplicable autonomous government as its sole political authority. However, we live in a world where authority, and power requires validation, and explanation, which is mechanically accepted by few; a world where political and social disparity and inequity also appears questionable. However, who will implement the most significant and vital political powers, but the essential hypothesis is that every individual shares the same rights and privileges.
Major Theorists Who Shaped Public Administration Theory
Public administration refers to the machinery and an essential process in which the government conducts its functions. Public administration is guided by various public administration theories that are categorized into postmodern, modern, and classical theories. The formation of these theories was influenced by several public policy theories. Some of the major theorists that shaped public policy include Frederic Taylor who defined the first management theory regarded as scientific management theory. The second theorist is Max Weber who defined the bureaucratic theory that is still under management theory. The two theories are under the classical public policy theory. The third popular public policy theorist is Mary Parker Follett who contributed to modern public policy theory under a systematic analytical approach (Oyedele, 2015).
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