Evaluation is a fundamental aspect of identifying whether the project has made its desired objectives, in other terms, it is the most important activity that has enabled community projects to evolve and to have the sustainability, hence it aids in promoting the a social change program within the society, therefore, evaluation is absolutely the determination of effectiveness of a certain subject or the program to see whether its goals have been achieved, more often, the primary role of evaluation is to enhance the accountability of the entire system. According to Patton ,(2011). An organization tends to prefer independent evaluators because its significant gives unbiased information on the subject that is being studied. In this scenario, there is also is low interest of independent evaluators, thus the results is absolutely good. in doing evaluation whether participatory or independent , the mode process must be clearly understood ,in this case, the questions to be asked must e clearly outlined, the source of information will help to determine the appropriate data that will be used in the analysis process ,this criteria forms a firm basis of having defensible answers in appraisal documents .
Formative evaluation
Formative evaluation is a form of appraisal where the community project is done when the project is in the progress, it serve to promote the project since the changes can be rectified at an early stage. The program and the activities of planning are collected inform of data which is in line with the project framework so that the workers can early improve on the system.
Moreover, formative evaluation begins during g the development of the project and continues through the entire process of its implementation, the main core is to give an ongoing project its appropriate and smooth way of implementation and further supply information needed to monitor the project ,for effective feedback of evaluation, formative evaluation can be conducted at several points of the project to give an intent value and correction of the project ant an early stge.
Formative evaluation has two main components that is the progress evaluation and the implementation evaluation. it the implementation stage, evaluation is done to assess the whether the project is being executed as expected in the design, it may occur several times during the implementation, this form evaluation is popularly known as the process appraisal.
On the other hand, progress evaluation is ultimately done to assess the progress on the project to ensure that it meets its desired goals. The scope of the progress evaluation entails collecting information to form a basis of benchmarking to reduce unexpected developments ,here this measure are majorly used by program staff to track the and eliminate any fault hat arises from the project that risks the effectiveness of the program.
Summative Evaluation
It is the type of evaluation undertaken to asses’ mature projects to countercheck if it has met the intended goals. The impact of outcome is best determined by summative evaluation, it is frequently used to address common issues after the projects has been fully established .in most situations, summative evaluation tries to collect information about the outcomes, the activities and the strategies has led to the implementation of the project.
It’s an appraisal based on the merit of the project and usually it is needed to disseminate and convince the donor to increase the funding or material support towards the project ,the intended role is to motivate the community initiate other beneficial projects hence help to promote the efficiency of the summative evaluation ,external evaluator might be used to since they are unbiased as they give the results in its initial stage as they found, they do not compromise any favor to the organization or the parties involved , its validity and conclusion are clearly manipulated hence giving appropriate action by the stakeholders in policy formulation. (Harvey,2005).
In general, both the formative and the summative evaluation are geared towards the gathering information needed in the judgments of the project to ascertain the impact to the community felt needs. More in depth information supplied during evaluation are used to track the progress of the project. It plays a key role in enabling the community to progress hence giving worth the assessment of the project ,thus evaluation is coherent activity that tries to effectively enable the attainment of the objectives ,it systematically brings the relevance of the project especially when it satisfies the need of the community. It provides a firm basis of management in taking the appropriate action or decisions in the formation the policies that will benefit the projects’ of the community.
The operational program in the community needs to adopt appraisal techniques since it helps in counterchecking whether the project is cost effective which also help in the strengthening the initiated projects within the community. It is reliable and it provides valid reasons for seeking funding with international potential donors, evaluation therefore gives confidence to donors that their resources will be effectively used rather than being wasted.
In addition ,over the decades, the demand of doing g evaluation has been placed as a key function by most of organization in the united states of America, it has been placed at the centre stage of since its relevance has greatly helped the community in accessing the relevant support by the donors. (Salmen,1987). They give funding in support of development programs thus it helps boosting the accountability among the staff and the management in general in ensuring that the resources allocated to the project is well used ,I summary , evaluation Plays a key role in monitoring and reporting the process of effective implementation. The management can choose to use any mode of evaluation whether formative or summative depending on the nature of the project in the community.
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