Nonrenewable energy resource is a resource whose rate of replenishing is lower than the sustainable extraction rate. A good example is carbon-based fuels such as coal and petroleum. On the other hand, renewable energy refers to energy that comes from resources that are replenished naturally over time. Science may help in understanding the use of nonrenewable energy resources. It would determine how to improve fuel efficiency by increasing the energy output of nonrenewable energy resources (Fang & Duan, 2014).
Offshore oil drilling is one of the most common methods of extracting petroleum. Offshore drilling involves drilling a wellbore through the seabed. Offshore drilling is undertaken to explore and extract petroleum, which lies in rock formations under the sea bed. Offshore drilling usually involves drilling on the continental shelf. However, it may also involve drilling in lakes or other inland waters (Fang & Duan, 2014).
Offshore drilling leads poses various environmental risks. The materials used in the drilling operation pose environmental risks. In addition, the hydrocarbon produced may spill into the sea and in so doing harming aquatic life. The B.P. oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico is a case that highlights the impact of oil spill on the environment. The oil spill polluted beaches and led to the death of fish and other forms of marine life (Fang & Duan, 2014).
Science helps in the exploration of oil by detecting where there is presence of oil on the sea bed. It also helps in protecting oil from spilling into the sea. Scientific development led to the development of a blowout preventer (BOP). BOP helps in preventing oil and gas from rushing too quickly inside the pipe, which may lead to an explosion. Science has also led to the development of robotic subs on every oil rig. Robots dive into depths where no human can survive. They undertake various activities which range from turning bolts to closing valves. However, breakdown of the robots may harm marine and plant life. The risks have helped in reducing the risks that offshore oil drilling faces (Fang & Duan, 2014).
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